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Daanse Tutorial - Cube Hierarchy Query Join Multi ​

If the database structure follows the Third Normal Form (3NF), hierarchies in a cube are not stored in a single table but are distributed across multiple tables.

For example, consider a Geographical hierarchy with the levels Town and Country and Continent. If each entity is stored in a separate table, with a primary-foreign key relationship linking them, a query must be defined that incorporates both tables and specifies how the levels are joined. In This case, the query must include a join between the Town and Country tables, as well as a join between the Country Join and Continent tables. The following example demonstrates how to define such a query.

Database Schema ​

The cube defined in this example is based on three tables: Fact, Town, and Country.

  • The Fact table contains measures and a reference to the Town table.
  • The Fact table is linked to the Town table through the TOWN_ID column, which corresponds to the ID column in the Town table.
  • The Town table includes a column that references the primary key of the Country table.
  • The Country table consists of two columns: ID (primary key) and Name as well as referenct to the Continent.
  • The Continent table consists of two columns: ID (primary key) and Name.

This structure ensures that the hierarchy is properly normalized, following the Third Normal Form (3NF).

xml
<roma:DatabaseSchema   id="_databaseSchema_main">
  <tables xsi:type="roma:PhysicalTable" id="_table_fact" name="Fact">
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_fact_townId" name="TOWN_ID" type="Integer"/>
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_fact_value" name="VALUE" type="Integer"/>
  </tables>
  <tables xsi:type="roma:PhysicalTable" id="_table_town" name="Town">
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_town_id" name="ID" type="Integer"/>
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_town_name" name="NAME"/>
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_town_countryId" name="COUNTRY_ID" type="Integer"/>
  </tables>
  <tables xsi:type="roma:PhysicalTable" id="_table_country" name="Country">
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_country_id" name="ID" type="Integer"/>
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_country_name" name="NAME"/>
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_country_continentId" name="CONTINENT_ID" type="Integer"/>
  </tables>
  <tables xsi:type="roma:PhysicalTable" id="_table_continent" name="Continent">
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_continent_id" name="ID" type="Integer"/>
    <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_continent_name" name="NAME"/>
  </tables>
</roma:DatabaseSchema>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Query - Level Town ​

The TableQuery for the Town level directly references the physical Town table.

xml
<roma:TableQuery  id="_query_town" table="_table_town"/>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Query - Level Country ​

The TableQuery for the Country level directly references the physical Country table.

xml
<roma:TableQuery  id="_query_country" table="_table_country"/>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Query - Join Town to Country ​

The JoinQuery specifies which TableQueries should be joined. It also defines the columns in each table that are used for the join:

  • In the lower-level table (Town), the join uses the foreign key.
  • In the upper-level table (Country), the join uses the primary key.
xml
<roma:JoinQuery  id="_query_townToCountry">
  <left key="_column_town_countryId" query="_query_town"/>
  <right key="_column_country_id" query="_query_countryToContinent"/>
</roma:JoinQuery>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Query - Level Country ​

The TableQuery for the Continent level directly references the physical Continent table.

xml
<roma:TableQuery  id="_query_continent" table="_table_continent"/>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Query - Join Town-Country-Join to Continent ​

The JoinQuery specifies which Queries should be joined. It also defines the columns in each table that are used for the join:

In this vase we join a TableQuery with a JoinQuery.

  • In the lower-level it is the JoinQuery (Town-Country), the join uses the foreign key.
  • In the upper-level it is the TableQuery (Continent), the join uses the primary key.
xml
<roma:JoinQuery  id="_query_townToCountry">
  <left key="_column_town_countryId" query="_query_town"/>
  <right key="_column_country_id" query="_query_countryToContinent"/>
</roma:JoinQuery>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Query Fact ​

The TableQuery for the Level, as it directly references the physical table Fact.

xml
<roma:TableQuery  id="_query_fact" table="_table_fact"/>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Level - Town ​

The Town level uses the column attribute to specify the primary key column. Additionally, it defines the nameColumn attribute to specify the column that contains the name of the level.

xml
<roma:Level  id="_level_town" name="Town" column="_column_town_id" nameColumn="_column_town_name"/>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Level - Country ​

The Country level follows the same pattern as the Town level.

xml
<roma:Level  id="_level_country" name="County" column="_column_country_id" nameColumn="_column_country_name"/>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Level - Continent ​

The Continent level follows the same pattern as the Town and Country level.

xml
<roma:Level  id="_level_continent" name="Continent" column="_column_continent_id" nameColumn="_column_continent_name"/>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Hierarchy ​

This hierarchy consists of three levels: Town, Country and Continent.

  • The primaryKey attribute specifies the column that contains the primary key of the hierarchy.
  • The query attribute references the Join-query used to retrieve the data for the hierarchy.

The order of the Levels in the hierarchy is important, as it determines the drill-down path for the hierarchy.

xml
<roma:ExplicitHierarchy  id="_hierarchy_townHierarchy" name="TownHierarchy" primaryKey="_column_town_id" query="_query_townToCountry" levels="_level_continent _level_country _level_town"/>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Dimension ​

The Dimension has only one hierarchy.

xml
<roma:StandardDimension  id="_dimension_continentCountryTown" name="Continent - Country - Town" hierarchies="roma:ExplicitHierarchy _hierarchy_townHierarchy"/>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Cube and DimensionConnector and Measure ​

The cube contains only one Measure in a unnamed MeasureGroup and references to the Dimension.

To connect the dimension to the cube, a DimensionConnector is used. The dimension has set the attribute foreignKey to define the column that contains the foreign key of the dimension in the fact table.

xml
<roma:PhysicalCube   id="_cube_queryLinkedTables" name="Cube Query linked Tables" query="_query_fact">
  <dimensionConnectors foreignKey="roma:PhysicalColumn _column_fact_townId" dimension="roma:StandardDimension _dimension_continentCountryTown" id="_dimensionConnector_continentCountryTown"/>
  <measureGroups>
    <measures xsi:type="roma:SumMeasure" id="_measure_theMeasure" name="theMeasure" column="_column_fact_value"/>
  </measureGroups>
</roma:PhysicalCube>

Note: This is only a symbolic example. For the exact definition, see the Definition section.

Definition ​

This files represent the complete definition of the catalog.

xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xmi:XMI xmi:version="2.0" xmlns:xmi="http://www.omg.org/XMI" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:roma="https://www.daanse.org/spec/org.eclipse.daanse.rolap.mapping">
  <roma:Catalog description="Multi-level hierarchy with joins" name="Daanse Tutorial - Cube Hierarchy Query Join Multi" cubes="_cube_queryLinkedTables" dbschemas="_databaseSchema_main"/>
  <roma:DatabaseSchema id="_databaseSchema_main">
    <tables xsi:type="roma:PhysicalTable" id="_table_fact" name="Fact">
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_fact_townId" name="TOWN_ID" type="Integer"/>
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_fact_value" name="VALUE" type="Integer"/>
    </tables>
    <tables xsi:type="roma:PhysicalTable" id="_table_town" name="Town">
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_town_id" name="ID" type="Integer"/>
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_town_name" name="NAME"/>
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_town_countryId" name="COUNTRY_ID" type="Integer"/>
    </tables>
    <tables xsi:type="roma:PhysicalTable" id="_table_country" name="Country">
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_country_id" name="ID" type="Integer"/>
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_country_name" name="NAME"/>
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_country_continentId" name="CONTINENT_ID" type="Integer"/>
    </tables>
    <tables xsi:type="roma:PhysicalTable" id="_table_continent" name="Continent">
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_continent_id" name="ID" type="Integer"/>
      <columns xsi:type="roma:PhysicalColumn" id="_column_continent_name" name="NAME"/>
    </tables>
  </roma:DatabaseSchema>
  <roma:TableQuery id="_query_continent" table="_table_continent"/>
  <roma:TableQuery id="_query_country" table="_table_country"/>
  <roma:TableQuery id="_query_fact" table="_table_fact"/>
  <roma:TableQuery id="_query_town" table="_table_town"/>
  <roma:JoinQuery id="_query_countryToContinent">
    <left key="_column_country_continentId" query="_query_country"/>
    <right key="_column_continent_id" query="_query_continent"/>
  </roma:JoinQuery>
  <roma:JoinQuery id="_query_townToCountry">
    <left key="_column_town_countryId" query="_query_town"/>
    <right key="_column_country_id" query="_query_countryToContinent"/>
  </roma:JoinQuery>
  <roma:Level id="_level_continent" name="Continent" column="_column_continent_id" nameColumn="_column_continent_name"/>
  <roma:Level id="_level_country" name="County" column="_column_country_id" nameColumn="_column_country_name"/>
  <roma:Level id="_level_town" name="Town" column="_column_town_id" nameColumn="_column_town_name"/>
  <roma:ExplicitHierarchy id="_hierarchy_townHierarchy" name="TownHierarchy" primaryKey="_column_town_id" query="_query_townToCountry" levels="_level_continent _level_country _level_town"/>
  <roma:StandardDimension id="_dimension_continentCountryTown" name="Continent - Country - Town" hierarchies="_hierarchy_townHierarchy"/>
  <roma:PhysicalCube id="_cube_queryLinkedTables" name="Cube Query linked Tables" query="_query_fact">
    <dimensionConnectors foreignKey="_column_fact_townId" dimension="_dimension_continentCountryTown" id="_dimensionConnector_continentCountryTown"/>
    <measureGroups>
      <measures xsi:type="roma:SumMeasure" id="_measure_theMeasure" name="theMeasure" column="_column_fact_value"/>
    </measureGroups>
  </roma:PhysicalCube>
</xmi:XMI>

Tutorial Zip ​

This files contaisn the data-tables as csv and the mapping as xmi file.

Download Zip File

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